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Population development in the post-socialist countries of EU at both national and regional level in the context of the second demographic transition
Procházka, Ondřej ; Šídlo, Luděk (advisor) ; Šťastná, Anna (referee)
Population development in the post-socialist countries of EU at both national and regional level in the context of the second demographic transition Abstract This diploma thesis aims to analyse changes in demographic behaviour in the post-socialist countries of today's EU and confront them with the concept of the second demographic transition, or other alternative concepts, which are detailly discussed in the theoretical part. The period between 1980-2018 was covered - shortly before, during and after the transformation period. The analytical part consists of three parts: state and regional analysis with the addition of results from the GGS sample survey. The results confirmed the specificity of this region, differences in the development of traditional and liberal countries, significant regional differentiation in the development of demographic indicators and different causes of demographic change in the countries most affected by the transformation (Bulgaria, Romania and partially the Baltic states). The conclusions correspond to previous research, which emphasizes the need to consider different region-specific development trajectories, or the use of diverse concepts. Keywords: GGS, postponement transition concept, post-socialist countries, regional level, second demographic transition, social anomie...
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Fertility and family policy: Nordic and post-socialist model
Langmajerová, Barbora ; Hořejšová, Tereza (advisor) ; Soukup, Petr (referee)
The main aim of this Master's thesis is to define the relationship between fertility rates and family policy in Central Europe, that experienced steep decline in fertility during the 1990s, and in Northern Europe, known for its stable and relatively high fertility. Using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, current models of family policy are defined and examples of policy measures that motivate people to start a family are found. The thesis also wants answer the question whether it is possible to implement a successful model of family policy in another region. The research focuses on two groups of countries, which went through similar development over the last decades: Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland and Hungary that share a similar socialist experience, while Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Finland attempted to find the third way between market economy and strong welfare state. Both regions also had to restructure their economy and reform their welfare states in the beginning of the 1990s. This development influenced today's beliefs about family support, childcare services or flexibility of the labour market, crucial in formulations of national family policy.
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Tax revenues of post-socialist EU member countries
Tychnová, Michala ; Izák, Vratislav (advisor) ; Blažek, Petr (referee)
The subject of this thesis is the analysis of tax revenue of the post-socialist countries that are members of the European Union. In the theoretical part there are characterized tax systems of individual states. In the practical part I compare the tax revenues of the post-socialist countries. I analyze the tax quota, the tax mix and budgetary determination of taxes. Furthermore, I compare the tax revenues of the post-socialist member states and 15 original member states of the European Union. I focus on the tax quota, the tax mix and budgetary determination of taxes. From the analyses it is clear that the tax quota of the post-socialist countries is lower than in the older Member States of the European Union. Most of the tax revenue of the post-socialist countries stems from indirect taxation, particularly value added tax.
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